Homosexuality Nature vs Nurture.The Study of How Essays

Homosexuality: Nature vs Nurture.The Study of How Biology and Society Influences Homosexual Identity DevelopmentThe concept of homosexuality is not a revolutionary one that it violates all cultural beliefs, gender and family roles, and societal values. The earliest documentation of homosexuality appeared in 600 B.C. in Asian cultures, and a few prominent historical figures such as Alexander The Great, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo were actually believed to be gay. In some cultures, homosexuals even hold a high status in society. For example, Native American tribes thought of homosexuals to be "spiritually gifted" and would look to them for spiritual advice and healing, indicating that it was a high honour to be gay in their community.However, homosexuality goes against many cultural beliefs, gender, and family roles that today's society values. As a direct result of going against social norms, homosexuals experience a lot of backlash that has led many to raise the question: Why do people continue to identify with being gay although they know the repercussions they may face in society? Is our sexuality a choice? Or are we born into our genders? Is our sexuality based on environmental factors or based on our own free will? The debate over the genesis of homosexuality has been ongoing for years and many argue that sexual orientation cannot be genetically hardwired. In this paper, I will be analyzing both aspects of the nature versus nurture debate in terms of the development of one's sexuality and will present research findings on the topic. I will be presenting evidence of biological influences, namely genetic and neurohormonal influences, on the development of homosexuality and will discuss the sociological view of socially influenced homosexuality. As the spectrum of research and studies conducted in this area is too wide, I will only be selecting a few points which I think are more interesting and relevant. I will also inject my own criticism of the theo ries and ideas discussed, evaluate the validity of the evidence, and apply sociological perspectives to the social elements. Theoretical OrientationI will be applying the symbolic interactionism theory to this topic and my research will be qualitative and on a micro-level and an international scale. Symbolic interactionism is relevant to my topic of discussion as it studies at the motivations behind one's sexual identity development.Symbolic interactionism is the sociological concept founded by Max Weber and it looks at how people attribute to, and construct meanings of their situations and behaviour. According to Weber, knowledge of cultural processes is only possible by understanding the meanings that the specific and shared reality holds for those involved. This includes the significance of subjective meaning and symbols in situations that are produced and represented. Blumer (1986) states that there are three tenets associated with symbolic interactionism. Firstly, people act to wards things based on the meanings it holds for them. For example, some people may view a tree as a sacred object while others see it as a particular botanical species or a source of lumber. Secondly, meanings of things are generated over time through human interaction. The significance of things are not individually determined or inherently linked to objects. Thirdly, meanings are modified during interaction through interpretive processes where an individual may change their initial interpretation of the situation. GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOMOSEXUALITYA study conducted by LeVay (1991) examined the interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH) in 19 gay men who had died from AIDS, 16 heterosexual men (six died from AIDS) and six heterosexual women (one died from AIDS). It was discovered that of all four sections of the INAH, only the third section was significantly larger in those with an attraction to women as compared to those with an attraction to men. H owever, the study neglected to include homosexual women and could not conclude if the size of the INAH-3 in a person is a cause or a consequence of sexual orientation. But it does provide evidence that there could be a biological reason why gay men and straight women are attracted to the same sex.Behavioural geneticists have also found that an identical twin of a homosexual has an approximate fifty percent chance of also being homosexual, while fraternal twins have approximately twenty

Authoritative Leadership Style

Authoritative Leadership Style Leadership is the process through which an individual gathers and earns support of others through social enlistment so that they can work together to achieve set goals and objectives. An organization can adopt different forms of leadership styles depending on its needs and requirements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Authoritative Leadership Style specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To have a clear understanding of my leadership style, I used several online assessment tools. The assessment tool provided by OSP (2008) revealed by leadership style to be authoritative. According to this tool, my leadership style was characterized by giving tight direction to my subordinates, encouraging communication to flow in one direction and exercising minimal delegations. However, the assessment tool provided by Galford and Maruca (2012) clearly explained my leadership style. The results that were arrived at after the assessment stat ed that I was an ambassador, an advocate, a people’s mover and a creative builder. These descriptions are in line with the supporting leadership style; I usually implement in all the activities and projects that I lead. According to this leadership style, a leader is friendly to the team members and employees of lower levels. He/she offers support to his subordinates and provides minimal directions in a working environment. This in turn makes the employees to feel comfortable at a work hence perform their roles and duties to the best of their abilities to achieve the goals and objectives of the project as well as their own personal goals and objectives. Additionally, this form of leadership style encourages teamwork and provides the best environment for starts to flourish in their respective careers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication Communicatio n is an essential aspect in the running and management of an organization. Therefore, the HR department needs to ensure that efficient communication mechanisms have been put in place to ensure that precise information flows at all levels of management (Khan, 2011). To determine my style of communication, I used a number of online assessment tools. The assessment tool provided by Russo (2012) revealed my communication style to be assertive but its description of vague. On the other hand, the assessment tool provided by CEDA (2012) clearly explained my communication style. Although the tool revealed my communication style to be assertive, it also stated that am an individual who stands up for my rights and the rights of my subordinates, respect all my team members and treasure the respect that they give me. From all this, the tool concluded that I possessed relater communication skills. Team Management For an organization to achieve its goals and objectives, it needs to understand and take advantage of the strengths of its employees. Additionally, an organization also needs to work and improve on the weaknesses of its workforce. Thus, it is essential for the management of an organization to understand the personality of every team member. The Myers Briggs Type Indicator is an effective personality assessment tool that can be used to gauge the personality, strengths, and weaknesses of team members within an organization (MBTI, n.d.). This assessment tool has sixteen indicators that are used to gauge the personality of an individual. For the management to determine the strengths and weaknesses of an individual, it can use the results. Furthermore, the results can be used to enhance the team spirit of an organization hence making it easier to achieve the goals and objectives of the project. On the other hand, the temperament method can be used to assess the personality of team members. This method focuses on specific characteristics of an individual such as the act ions of an individual, styles of communication, the talent that they posses and their values (Keirsey.com, n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Authoritative Leadership Style specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the analysis of these traits, the personality of an individual can be interpreted as idealistic, rational, artisan or guardian. This however depends on the impacts that an individual has on the project and the specific role that he/she plays and his/her strengths and weaknesses. References CEDA (2012).  Communication Styles.  Retrieved from cedanet.com/meta/communication_styles.htm Galford, R. and Maruca, F. (2012).  Your Leadership Legacy.  Retrieved from yourleadershiplegacy.com/assessment/assessment.php Keirsey.com (n.d.).  Overview of the Four Temperments.  Retrieved from keirsey.com/4temps/overview_temperaments.asp Khan, A. (2011).  Informal Communication Styles Benefit Mcdonald’ s and Ford: The Way  Ahead In an Era Of Social Networking.  Retrieved from emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1958608 MBTI (n.d.).  MBTI Basics.  Retrieved from myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/ OSP (2008).  Leadership Style Self Assessment.  Retrieved from performancesolutions.nc.gov/developmentinitiatives/CareerDevelopment/Assessments/docs/LeadershipStyle.pdfAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Russo, E. (2012).  Whats My Communication Style. Retrieved from hrdqstore.com/Whats-My-Communication-Style-Assessment.html

Read the article in its entirety,then answer those qestions Assignment

Read the article in its entirety,then answer those qestions - Assignment Example tionships of good relationship employees have with their supervisors and if organizational culture is conducive, open and there is fairness (Hastings and Payne 311). However, while expressing dissent some individuals state that email should never be used as a means to express dissent while some say that email is an appropriate way if the information contains facts and figures and contains no emotional tirade (Hastings and Payne 318). These statements in the article are well quoted as they can be related to an incident that occurred in the previous workplace. A coworker responding to a supervisor used her venting out through email. As email is a medium where one cannot retrieve back the information and can be well recorded it had a negative impact on her work profile. In a similar incident, when another worker used telephone as a means of dissent he was still able to handle the controversy as he apologized and there was no record of the incident. Hasting and Payne concludes by saying that email can be used as a constructive means of inviting dissent and discussions where emotions are kept aside and there is articulation of dissents focused on improving the organization (Hastings and Payne 327). If there is a chance to work in Human Resource Department, this aspect can be applied in the professional life as well because employee engagement and feedback can help organizations reduce conflicts and increase job satisfaction amongst employees. Communication is very important to carry on the business effectively. Business Communication is very important as it the need of every organization to communicate with others to expand the course of their business. National Culture influences business communication as distinguishes the people of culture from other (Ulijn, OHair and Weggeman 300). The article explains the way how people change their views and ways of communication to deal with people belonging to different cultures. It is well known that English is an

Federal Contracting Activities and Contract Types Research Paper

Federal Contracting Activities and Contract Types - Research Paper Example Many governments nevertheless have continued to use these machines. The Department of Defense plans to issue a $400,000 government contract to a company that specializes in drone navigation technologies. This paper will review two companies Lockheed Martin and Boeing Company. Further, it will determine which of the two should win the contract. In 1916, an idea to build a better airplane was conceived by William Edward Boeing in a boathouse on Seattle’s Lake Union when he assembled a group of expert to bring this dream to life. Today, the Boeing Company is the largest aerospace company in the world manufacturing commercial aircraft, satellites and military aircrafts. With over 145 countries as customers, the company boasts of over fifty billion dollars annual profits (Yenne, 2005). Currently, it is the leading contractor to the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). By the turn of the century, the company employed over 150,000 people in over 60 countries. Curr ently the company is headquartered in Chicago. Boeing Co. brings together five of the most influential corporations in aerospace history. This cooperation includes Hughes space and communication, McDonnell and Douglas, Boeing, North America aviation and North America Rockwell. McDonnell and Douglas had previously merged in 1967 while Hughes space and communication merged with Boeing Co. in 2000. Boeing’s business model is carried out by two major groups, Boeing commercial airplanes and integrated defense systems. The current chairman and CEO of the company is James McNerney. Lockheed Martin is an American security, advanced technology, defense and aerospace company founded in 1995 by the merger of Martin Marietta and Lockheed corporations. In 1996, it acquired Loral corporations. Its headquarters are in Maryland, Washington; currently, the company employees over one hundred thousand people in over five countries. Primarily, the company is involved in research, design, develop ment, manufacture, and sustainability of advanced technology systems. The journey of Lockheed Martin began in 1912 when Glen Martin founded the Glen L. Martin Company. From a rented church building, Glen built his first airplane. In the same year, Malcolm and Alan Lockheed established the Alco Hydro-Aeroplane Company. This company was later renamed the Lockheed Aircraft Company. Malcolm and Alan were competent mechanics who in their garage built seaplanes. Lockheed Martin Corporations grew from a church and a Garage. These were very humble beginnings but the founders were unrelenting and visionary men who saw a better future for their businesses. Lockheed Martin produces a number of aerospace and defense machines. Some of their several unmanned aero vehicles manufactures by Lockheed Martin include, K-max, tracer, stacker UAS, X56A, desert hawk III just to name but a few. In recent times, the Boeing Company has won a number of military contracts from several countries. In 1999, the B oeing Integrated Defense Systems was chosen to design and manufacture unmanned orbital vehicle. Boeing, Nasa and the US air Force jointly funded the project in a span of four years. The project cost was 194 million. In 2013, the Boeing Company in, St. Louis, Missouri was awarded a fifteen million firm-fixed-price contract by the US Navy. The contract was for

Religion, Wealth and Poverty Essay Example for Free

Religion, Wealth and Poverty Essay Outline the work of one religious agency working for world development and explain why it does this work. The religious agency, Christian Aid was set up in 1944, originally known as the British Churches Ecumenical Refugee Council. It was primarily created to help the thousands of homeless Europeans as a result of the Second World War. It became known as Christian Aid in 1945 and was filed as only a segregated department of all of the non-Roman Catholic churches the British Council of Churches and provided great help to the poorer people surviving in lesser economically developed areas. Christian Aid is now a worldwide organisation and has become an agency for the churches of the United Kingdom and in Ireland, working wherever their need is superlative, irrespective of the religion of this area. As well as doing this work, Christian Aid supports local organisations who are better at understanding the needs in their specified areas, whilst continually helping those in need with the sixteen offices they retain overseas. Christian Aid believes in helping people gain strength in finding their own solution to a particular problem rather than simply helping and leaving, Christian Aid provides withstanding support. In addition to this work, Christian Aid strives to transform a New World by ending poverty and continuously campaigns for the change of the morals and rules that allow the poor to get poorer. Christian Aid works and provides help in over sixty countries in the world today, supplying emergency aid and long term aid to organisations, which are working to create the end of poverty. Christian Aid prefers to work through local organisations in areas of lesser-developed economies, as they believe that these organisations understand the needs of their people best. A great plus of the agency of Christian Aid is that it works in all areas despite the religion or race of the place they are working in. In order to achieve the high aims set by Christian Aid, their work can be divided into four sections and they are as follows. Fund raising is a major issue and to be able to start any work in relieving the issue of poverty, Christian Aid has to tackle the problem of funds, which can be raised in several ways. In 1975, it was organised so that every year in May, Christian Aid week could be held as a nationwide even. This is where churches provide information about Christian Aid to almost every home in certain areas by posting letters through their letterboxes and asking for donations. In 1995, a record à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8.6 million was raised for Christian Aid via this process. In addition to this, certain parishes and individuals organise events to raise money for the agency and in the past have contributed more by this process than in Christian Aid week. Emergency aid is also taken into consideration as Christian Aid set up a fund known as the disaster fund so it could be immediately used if a natural disaster were to occur and has often overtaken long term aid due to its efficiency in helping people survive the effects of a natural disaster. The work done by Christian Aid involves providing and sending food, medicine and materials to build shelters for the victims of such natural disasters as hurricanes, floods and earthquakes. An example of this aid was when blankets, tents and food were sent to refugees in Bosnia and Rwanda and when food was provided for drought-stricken Zimbabwe. This specified version of aid is so important that nearly 15% of Christian Aids funds are spent on it per annum. Long term aid is equally important and fortunately, Christian Aid is greatly advantaged in this area as it has contact with the organisations who receive the aid and the majority of Christian Aids emergency and long-term aid is diverted through Christian associations within the country concerned. If is often for these establishments to come up with fund-raising ideas to help relieve certain aspects of poverty in their area and then ask Christian Aid to finance these propositions. An example of this is when in Columbia, poor farmers were being threatened to be evicted from their homes. Fortunately, the farmers were able to establish an alternative environmentally friendly method which allowed them to develop their area that would provide an income for these farmers and their families. Christian Aid and the European Union are negotiating the finance of this scheme. Another example of Christian Aid helping lesser developed countries is in Bangladesh, where Christian Aid are funding a group of Christian workers to make basic drugs for medicine which are unavailable in Bangladesh. Consequently, as Christian Aid helps in all of these diverse and different areas, their main aim is to help people to help themselves. Education is a key factor to the success of Christian Aid. Nearly 5% of Christian Aids funds is consumed on education about the greater need of development and the way in which Christians are enabled to provide this help to those in need. The association of Christian Aid produces a newspaper, Christian Aid News, along with many other educational articles which not only provide information on the projects that Christian Aid is working on but how they are improving the rate of development in lesser economically developed areas. Christian Aid advocates campaigns for the improvement of living and health conditions in lesser-developed areas. Christian Aids motivation is built upon the Christian belief that all people are equal in the eyes of God and so therefore all deserve the same things. This organisation is driven by the beliefs that God cares about the poor and their lifestyle, wanting them to be treated accordingly. It is also believed that the worth and importance of a person is not measured on how much money they have or the material belongings that they may possess. It is written in the Bible that what counts is a persons desire to do good, their faith in God and actions towards other people. Due to these Christian beliefs, Christian Aid does everything within its power to help those who are less fortunate in both this country and abroad. The quotation, There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all once in Christ taken from Galatians 3:25 is the basis of the Christian Aids work. It is believed that everyone has rights and so deserves to be treated the same, despite their circumstances, creed, nationality, religion or colour. In conclusion to the work of Christian Aid and its motivation, it is clear that their main aim is not only to assist the poor, but help them learn to help themselves and by doing this, Christian Aid are increasing the development of the developing world. The motivation of this agency is obvious due to the fact that they are Christian and it is Gods belief that you should use everything within your power to help those in need of your help. Christian Aid believes that From one man he made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole Earth, Acts 17: 26, so that everyone is equal in the eyes of God as they were all created from the same mould, therefore everyone should be treated respectfully. Thanks to these beliefs, Christian Aids work is helping to eradicate the growth of poverty and sustain a development in the lesser-developed areas.

The Devil Of Tom Walker And Th Essay -- essays research papers

Despite the evidence that Washington Irving uses to show his love for America in his stories, he portrays some characters in the Devil and Tom Walker and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow as greedy. Irving shows concern for America by placing stories in uniquely American moments. In this essay I will prove through passages and quotes from Irving's stories that he shows his love for America in his stories and portrays some characters as greedy in the two stories. The historical settings of these stories is made apparent by the use of elements common to the revolutionary era. In The Devil and Tom Walker when Irving is describing the setting he gives an impression that it took place in America. In describing the setting he says, "It had been the stronghold of the Indians during their war with the colonists." Since the war took place in America this is one evidence of his love for America. Another is when Irving is describing the devil and he makes the point that he a particularly American devil. When the devil first meets Tom and the devil is telling him about himself he says, "I amuse myself by presiding at the persecutions of Quakers and Anabaptists; I am the great patron and prompter of slave dealers and the grandmaster of the Salem witches." In The Legend of Sleepy Hollow there are many American traits in the description of the setting. It is said by some to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper, whose head had been car ried away by a...

Hyundai Card

Definition of ‘Strategic’ Involved or being a part of consciously developed future planning by using design to achieve the organisation’s aim through visual, functional and conceptual integration of design to create its appropriate external and internal identities, products and service offerings and missions. HyundaiCard (HC), a Korean credit card company Even though HC was late for coming into credit card industries, they made a remarkable growth by design management integrating brand identity. Visual integration by design policy According to Borja de Mozota (2003), strong brand identity can be achieved by visual integration.As figure 1 below show, HC redesigned their logo and typeface based on the shape, ratio and angle of an actual credit card, perfectly reflecting HC’s identity (Total Active Media, 2004). With strong design policy supervised by ‘HC Design Lab’, the font is applied to all visual channels in the coherent manner for visual int egration (Total Active Media, 2004). This reflects philosophy and culture of HC to not only customers but also employees to make strong corporate identity. Figure 1: Typeface ‘You and I’ (Source: Total Active Media, online, 2004) 1 DM5554 Strategic Design Management Functional Integration by card designConsumers are seeking to express the image of themselves through purchasing a product or service that meets their self-expression and assertion of individuality (Cooper & Press, 1995). Similarly, they designed an integrated card hierarchy system according to user’s different needs. The credit cards are designed using alphabet, number and colour with their font (Song and Bang, 2006). Moreover, they applied different alphabets to card for different benefits (Song and Bang, 2006). For example, the ‘M’ card reflects ‘Multiple benefits’. Number system shows level of services (e. g. ‘M2’ contains more services than ‘M’, and ‘M3’ than ‘M2’).With colour, they defined premium level of cards (see figure 2). Regarding to card design, customers can understand this concept easily and feel credit cards desirable. By applying design strategy to convey consumers’ lifestyle into product and service, HC successfully fulfills consumers’ needs. Figure 2: Credit Card Hierarchy (Source: Unitas Brand, 2009) Conceptual integration by CSR Design can play important role in achieving CSR for company’s long-term strategic advantage (Koo and Cooper, 2011). As figure 3 below show, HC has been taking various activities for CSR by giving their design talent.For example, HC designed the ‘dreamlibrary' for children who have got cancer and leukemia, bus stations for public and ‘Super Concert’ for cultural & arts dispersion (Unitas Brand, 2009). These CSR activities create positive conceptual integration of brand images. 2 DM5554 Strategic Design Management Figu re 3: CSR activities (Source: Hyundaicardcapital. com, online, 2011) Conclusion Hyundai Card conducts design resources effectively, developing its external and internal identity, creating its product and service based on consumers’ need. It also enhance positive brand image by contributing to society.